Game Programming Languages: The Beginners Guide

It’s a fact that game designers, on occasion, may be asked to do a little game programming.

This comes down to entry-level game designers often switching their positions in teams, and the nature of design teams being very fluid.

It is not unusual for designers to step in and code part of a game, freeing up the game programmers to work on something more complicated. Just as it’s not unusual for game programmers to be consulted during the design process.

That said, getting started in game programming can be a little daunting.

What is Game Programming?

Video game programming is the development of software that will become a video game. This means writing each line of code that will eventually create the environment, characters, and actions the user will see on the front end.

I like to think of game programming as the bones of the game. It’s the structure that all other pieces are added.

Are Coding and Programming the Same Thing?

Not quite.

Although very similar, game coding is the written language that a machine program will translate.

Programming refers to building the system that will execute the written commands. The code tells the program what to do, and the program does it.

Keep in mind that these days, coding and programming are sometimes used interchangeably.

We’ll dive deeper into programming and coding below. For now, let’s answer the common question, what’s the best programming language for gaming?

The Top Game Programming Languages

• C++
• Java
• HTML5
• CSS3
• JavaScript
• SQL

Game programming is the lifeblood and skeletal framework for all games you and I play. All of the crazy things you can do in the Grand Theft Auto games? All programmed.

The Different Types of Programming

There are thousands of programming languages out there (although only a few are used frequently).  How does a new game designer-come-developer know where to start?

There are two main types of programming you should focus on as well, something called ‘systems’ programming, and ‘web’ programming.

Both are important, although what you end up doing will mostly be down to the focus of the studio and their in-development titles.

Systems Programming

Systems programming means programming for a stand-alone application, such as a video game run on your machine.

The two most common languages for game designers to learn are C++ and Java, although other languages are popular (such as C# for Unity).

Another type of programming you may hear referred to is scripting, but that essentially comes down to a type of systems programming.

Web Programming

Web programming is used for applications that are run through a browser over a web interface.

Web languages are not so much one-or-the-other, they work in unison to create the kind of experience players expect (although some programmers will specialize in just one or another).

Web languages now include:

• HTML5
• CSS3
• JavaScript
• SQL

Along with things like content management systems (which are beyond the scope of this article).

Games made with javascript

• HexGl
• Sketchout
• CrossCode
• Bejeweled
• Swoop
• Polycraft
• Angrybirds
• The Wizard
• Little Alchemy
• New Super Resident Raver

C++

C++ is a language with a relatively high entry barrier (meaning it’s quite difficult to learn), but the reward is greater because it allows more direct control over the hardware and graphical processes (something very important in video game design).

C++ is an object-oriented language. Meaning it uses internal structures to better organize code into reusable blocks (classes and objects).

It’s by far the most commonly used language for writing game engines, and some engines (such as Unreal) only accept information written in C++.

If you only choose one programming language to learn, this would be it. Most other object-oriented languages stem from C++ (so picking them up will be easier).

Games made with C++

• Counter-Strike
• Doom III Engine
• King Quest
• Starcraft
• World of Warcraft
• Warcraft III
• Football Pro
• Master of Orion III
• Maplestory
• Invictus

Java

Java runs on everything, from printers and microwaves to complex video game systems. It is a very dynamic language with lots of applications, making it seem like a good choice to learn.

Java is closely related to C++, so learning the two alongside each other would not be difficult.

Games made with Java

• Tom Clancy’s Politika
• Runescape
• Powder Game
• Star Wars Galaxies
• Roboforge

Web Languages

HTML5 and CSS3 are the languages used in the web to give a page structure and visual display elements, respectively.

HTML5 is a powerful language and can be used in place of JavaScript in some cases.

JavaScript is used to make things happen on a page, such as to make things move across the page.

SQL is used for back-end database work so that the player can access their account and do other things on the server.

If the studio you want to work for has a web-game focus, it’s worthwhile brushing up on all of these languages, but you probably will not require a very deep knowledge of them.

Games made with HTML 5

• Kingdom of Loathing
• Nothing to Hide
• Gods will be watching
• Roll It
• Cookie Clicker

Getting Started With Coding Languages

I wish I had learned how to code. I would be able to make my own games, web-based apps, and everything, you name it. Well, it turns out that I still have time to code.

Not only that, but I can do it using games instead of complicated software or a boring class where you would rather fall asleep than listen to a professor drone on about stuff.

I took a coding class once and I was forced to buy my professor’s book that proved to be a bunch of garbage. And no, I didn’t pass the class, so stop wondering!

What is Code?

‘Code’ in programming refers to statements written out in a specific language. For example, MySpace was a heavy proponent of allowing users to customize their sites using HTML.

Coding has risen in popularity over the past few years. A few years ago, there was even a meme targeted at out-of-work journalists telling them to ‘learn to code.’

Although they may have been sending the statement in a joking manner, learning to code is actually quite useful. But why? Let’s examine the purpose behind coding, a few key questions about it, and which coding languages you should learn.

Why Learn Game Coding?

There are a ton of things you can do with coding. It’s not all gaming and website building, although those are some of the coding languages’ most widespread uses.

Coding is how a user communicates with the computer. While you can technically do this by operating a mouse or clicking on icons, coding delves deep into a machine’s functions.

Proper code can allow computers and other machines to effectively undertake detailed and impressive actions that aren’t available to users typically.

What are the most common coding languages?

Coding languages like C++, HTML5, C#, Java, JavaScript, and Python are the most popular. Python, in particular, is a rather popular option for those learning to code due to its more simple learning curve.

This changes every so often, so don’t be surprised if a new, more advanced programming language becomes a new, popular option.

What language do you code in?

Coding is made up of several different coding languages like Python, SQL, and Ruby on Rails. The programmer inputs ‘statements’ (basically telling the computer what to do) and has the computer execute different actions.

What Coding Language Should You Learn?

There are a few questions you should ask yourself before you start learning a programming language.

What kind of job are you looking for?

This is crucial to the question of ‘which language should I learn?’ Your profession or interest will have a direct impact on what language you choose to code in. Let’s look at some examples: jobs that rely heavily on coding languages.

Coding Languages for Game Programmers

Although there are a number of options, for beginners, we’d suggest starting with C++. It’s the most well-known, there’s a ton of free online support, and most engines can work with C++.

If you’re looking for a specific solution, one of the ten coding languages below should have you covered.

1. C++
2. Java
3. HTML5
4. Javascript
5. Python
6. UnrealScript
7. C#
8. Lua
9. ActionScript
10. Objective C (Almost dead)

Coding Languages for Front End Designers

Working with the ‘front-end’ of things means what the users see. Right now, you’re seeing the front end of this website. At front end jobs, you will probably want to learn coding languages like:

• HTML
• CSS
• JavaScript
• jQuery

Coding Languages for Freelance Web Developers

Working freelance as a web developer allows you to work your magic with coding languages. As a web developer, you can find yourself using things like:

• HTML
• CSS
• JavaScript Frameworks
• WordPress
• PHP
• Python
• Java
• Ruby on Rails

Coding Languages for Full Stack Developers

The ‘back-end’ of things refers to what lies beneath the hood of a program. No flashy icons or buttons, just pure functionality. Additionally, full-stack development refers to development that occurs on the server-side of programming and coding. For these programmers, coding languages to use are:

• Ruby on Rails
• SQL or MySQL
• HTML5 and CSS
• Git and GitHub
• Python
• JavaScript

Coding Languages for Mobile App Developers

Developing mobile apps is a fantastic way to make your bones in the industry. However, you’re going to need some coding language proficiency. Explore coding languages like:

• Java
• Swift
• Python
• Objective-C
• Ruby
• HTML5
• Kotlin
• Android

Coding Languages for Content Managers

Managing content is a pretty big job description, so it’s no surprise you’ll need to know a little about a lot. To successfully manage a lot of content, you’re going to need to know coding languages and other programs like:

• HTML5
• CSS
• Python
• Ruby
• JavaScript
• WordPress
• TypeScript
• Go

Video Games That Teach You to Code

These games are perfect for teaching you how to code, so pretty soon you can start coding and making your own creations. I found a few great options if you are like me.

Code Monkey

Code Monkey is geared towards kids and adolescents, but don’t let that stop you! I know, I know, it’s for kids, not for me. Wrong, friend: it’s for everyone.

It turns out its interface is super easy and goes through the rudimentary phases of coding and creating. It is geared towards students, so right off the bat, it is geared towards teaching.

Users of Code Monkey don’t need to have any prior experience in coding to begin—it’s all about clean slates and fresh starts. They include detailed plans and even video tutorials.

If there’s one thing I love more than gaming, it’s a good video tutorial. Through basic text-based coding, you can easily learn the basics and build a foundation for yourself. Plus, it’s free!

Code Combat

Code Combat is a great way for people to see their coding actions brought to life immediately. Not only that, but you learn to code by actually playing the game in real-time.

You control your character’s actions by coding, helping them progress towards the goals in the game. For example, you can get your character to move towards a treasure chest by typing ‘hero.moveRight( ) to get the character to, you guessed it, move right.

This method of real-time interaction is revolutionary and is super helpful for first-time programmers.

Robocode

Much like Code Combat, Robocode thrusts the player/programmer into a scenario where you need to combat other robots. The only way to do so is by using Java, Scala, C#. It’s a great way to throw the programmer right into the pilot’s seat, keeping them on their toes.

Codewars

This is a great little community for prospective programmers. Players of the game will have to pass tests, or Kata, to advance in the game. Katas are usually debugging exercises, serving as little tests for you along your programming journey.

With addicting gameplay, Codewars pulls the gamer in and keeps them up to date and practicing on their coding. The great mix of addicting gameplay and educational activities is a real slam dunk for people looking for games to help you learn how to code.

Codingame

Codingame is a website and suite of programs that emphasize teaching coding through gameplay. It offers multiple avenues of learning code through different game types.

One I particularly liked was a motorcycle race where you had to type in the code to avoid obstacles on the track. This is a faster-paced style of coding akin to the aforementioned Code Combat.

Another facet of Codingame is that you are solving the most important coding problems while also getting help from experts in the field. The fact that you can get assistance from coding experts is definitely one of the best parts of Codingame’s function.

A big part of Codingame, (and the other games listed), is practice. Although these games are great, you need to stick with it every day to really build up your coding chops.

Shenzhen I/O

Here’s an interesting one. Available on Steam, Shenzhen I/O is a puzzle game that emphasizes coding while mixing it with addicting gameplay that trains your brain. The story is the player is a coding expert moving to China to work for a tech company.

While there, the player is tasked with making technological products for clients. Through these small stages and products, the player solves puzzles in the form of coding. This is a great method of teaching code. A cool little story mixed with great gameplay makes learning code addictive.

Human Resource Machine

This game available for mobile platforms and PC, Linux, and Nintendo Switch is much like other serious games that teach you to code. Developed by Tomorrow Corporation, it includes over 40 puzzles that serve as both gameplay and coding experience.

The player is introduced to the ‘office’ where they need to complete tasks and keep their job for years at the Human Resource Machine. The way in which players do this is by coding and completing tasks in that fashion.

The game got great reviews, with reviewers praising its skillful integration of coding with gameplay and introducing some more complex coding nuances into a package in which nearly anyone could understand and enjoy.

I love how the Internet is filled with different games like these, many of them free of charge. No matter where you look, you can easily find them. It’s almost impossible NOT to find them. They’re on web browsers, they’re on Steam, apps on mobile devices, etc.

Do you know what that means? You have no excuse not to get out there and start coding. People who made coding their life’s work have, in turn, opened up the floor to amateur coders or even people who have a passing curiosity for it.

No more sitting through a boring class as I did. You can now do this from the comfort of your own computer ‘battle station’. No grades just practice every day to learn to code, and hopefully, make your own game through any of these options.

Web, PC, or Console Programming Languages

Which language you choose to learn will depend a lot on where your interest in game design lies; web-based or PC-/console-based.

PC- and console-based languages will include object-oriented languages, as well as simpler scripting languages, whereas web development will focus solely on technologies built for the web.

Best Coding Video Games [Infographic]